Review of Factors Affecting the Durability of Foamed Concrete

• Zuhair kadhim Ibnayyan

  University of Al-Qadisiyah

• Ali Kareem Balasim

  University of Al-Qadisiyah

• Adnan Al-Sibahy

  University of Al-Qadisiyah

Foamed concrete (FC) is a lightweight cementitious material that has gained significant popularity due to its low density, high workability, and favorable thermal insulation properties. However, its highly porous structure may adversely affect long-term durability compared with conventional concrete. This review synthesizes experimental findings on the main factors affecting FC durability, including freeze--thaw cycles, drying shrinkage, carbonation, chloride ingress, sulfate attack, and alkali--silica reaction. A comprehensive review of the extant literature reveals a consistent indication that pore structure and foam stability are the primary parameters controlling durability performance. The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials into optimized mix designs has been demonstrated to enhance durability. For instance, the utilization of C--S--H/PCE nano-composites has been documented to enhance compressive strength by approximately 44%, while concurrently reducing carbonation depth to around 6 millimeters after a period of seven days. Incorporating 4% epoxy resin, for instance, has been shown to reduce drying shrinkage by nearly 48%. Furthermore, fibre-reinforced mixtures with partial fly ash replacement have exhibited strength improvements exceeding 100% after freeze--thaw exposure in optimized mixes. The enhancement of durability in FC is contingent upon the optimization of pore structure through stable foam generation, the refinement of binder systems, and the implementation of suitable curing methodologies. These factors, when integrated, collectively impede permeability and augment resistance to environmental degradation.

1. Zuhair kadhim Ibnayyan, University of Al-Qadisiyah

   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

2. Ali Kareem Balasim, University of Al-Qadisiyah

   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

3. Adnan Al-Sibahy, University of Al-Qadisiyah

   Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq

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