AI-Guided Nanorobots for In Vivo Immune Cell Programming: Bridging Nanomedicine and Cancer Immunotherapy

• Athraa Turkey Mtushar

  Al-Rafidain University College

Recent advancements at the intersection of nanotechnology, artificial intelligence (AI), and immunotherapy are transforming the field of cancer treatment. This review explores the transformative potential of AI-guided nanorobots for in vivo immune cell programming. This strategy overcomes the limitations of conventional ex vivo adoptive cell therapies, including high cost, limited scalability, and reduced efficacy in solid tumors. We examine the principles of immune cell engineering, including CAR-T, CAR-NK, and TCR therapies, as well as the associated clinical challenges. Furthermore, we discuss how AI-guided nanorobots can autonomously navigate biological systems to deliver genetic or immunomodulatory payloads, remodel the tumor microenvironment, and enhance therapeutic precision. By integrating multimodal sensing and real-time decision-making capabilities, these nanorobots represent a novel class of autonomous agents that can detect cancer early, activate the immune system, and potentially intervene preemptively. This convergence of disciplines signals a new frontier in personalized, minimally invasive cancer therapy, offering hope for broader accessibility and improved outcomes. This review outlines a transformative approach to autonomous, minimally invasive, and personalized immune modulation, providing a blueprint for the next generation of cancer immunotherapy.

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