The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Tumor Progression and Response to Therapy

• Watheq Mohammed AL-Jewari

  Al-Rafidain University College

• Rafal Salim

  University of Baghdad/College of Science for Women/department of Chemistry, Baghdad, Iraq

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has emerged as a significant focus in cancer therapy due to its pivotal role in controlling tumor progression and shaping responses to conventional treatments. This review explores recent innovations in therapies targeting TME, including immunotherapies, antiangiogenic agents, and treatments aimed at cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. These interventions, which are either approved for clinical use or undergoing clinical trials, underscore TME’s influence on cancer treatment outcomes and patient survival. The identification of effective therapeutic strategies to target TME is imperative for mitigating immunosuppression, reactivating T cell functions, and enhancing immune system efficacy. Notwithstanding significant advancements, key gaps persist in comprehending the intricate interactions within TME and translating experimental findings into clinical success. Future research should prioritize elucidating these gaps to enhance therapeutic efficacy and patient outcomes.

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